Last Updated :
07 April 2008 at 14:50 IST
All about Indian coal mines
Commodity Online NEW DELHI: Natural energy resources are shrinking day by day due to enormous extraction worldwide to meet energy requirements. Research is undergoing to develop alternative fuels in several countries to contain increasing demand.
India is one among the top as far as coal deposit is concerned. It now ranks 3rd amongst the coal producing countries in the world. Through a sustained programme of investment and greater thrust on application of modern technologies, it has been possible to raise the production of Coal from a level of about 70 million tonnes at the time of nationalisation in early 1970's to 355 million tonnes (provisional - excluding Meghalaya) in 2003-04.
Most of the coal production in India comes from open pit mines contributing over 81 percent of the total production. A number of large open pit mines of over 10 million tonnes per annum capacity are in operation.
Shovels with capacity up to 25 cu. m., Dumpers up to 170 tonnes, Draglines up to 24/96 capacity and input crushing conveying system are deployed in hard coal open pit mines. Large capacity bucket wheel excavators are in operation for lignite mining.
Underground mining currently accounts for around 19 percent of national output. Most of the production is achieved by conventional Board and Pillar mining methods. Side by side, intermediate technologies using Side Discharge Loaders (SDL) and Load Haul Dumpers (LHD) in Board and Pillar method of working have been introduced.
Contemporary technology in the form of Longwall Powered support has also been introduced in a limited scale.
Grades of Coal
The gradation of non-coking coal is based on Useful Heat Value (UHV), the gradation of coking coal is based on ash content and for semi coking / weakly coking coal it is based on ash plus moisture content , as in vogue as per notification.
Grades of Coking Coal
Grade
|
Ash Content
|
Steel Grade –I
|
Not exceeding 15%
|
Steel Grade -II
|
Exceeding 15% but not exceeding 18%
|
Washery Grade -I
|
Exceeding 18% but not exceeding 21%
|
Washery Grade -II
|
Exceeding 21% but not exceeding 24%
|
Washery Grade -III
|
Exceeding 24% but not exceeding 28%
|
Washery Grade -IV
|
Exceeding 28% but not exceeding 35%
|
Grades of Non-coking Coal
Grade
|
Useful Heat Value (UHV)
(Kcal/Kg)
UHV= 8900-138(A+M)
|
Corresponding
Ash% + Moisture %
at (60% RH & 40O C)
|
Gross Calorific Value GCV (Kcal/ Kg)
(at 5% moisture level)
|
A
|
Exceeding 6200
|
Not exceeding 19.5
|
Exceeding 6454
|
B
|
Exceeding 5600 but not exceeding 6200
|
19.6 to 23.8
|
Exceeding 6049 but not exceeding 6454
|
C
|
Exceeding 4940 but not exceeding 5600
|
23.9 to 28.6
|
Exceeding 5597 but not exceeding. 6049
|
D
|
Exceeding 4200 but not exceeding 4940
|
28.7 to 34.0
|
Exceeding 5089 but not Exceeding 5597
|
E
|
Exceeding 3360 but not exceeding 4200
|
34.1 to 40.0
|
Exceeding 4324 but not exceeding 5089
|
F
|
Exceeding 2400 but not exceeding 3360
|
40.1 to 47.0
|
Exceeding 3865 but not exceeding. 4324
|
G
|
Exceeding 1300 but not exceeding 2400
|
47.1 to 55.0
|
Exceeding 3113 but not exceeding 3865
|
Grades of Semi-coking and Weakly Coking Coal
Grade
|
Ash + Moisture Content
|
Semi coking grade –I
|
Not exceeding 19%
|
Semi coking grade –II
|
Exceeding 19% but not exceeding 24%
|
Grades of NEC Coal :
Grades
|
UHV (Kcal/Kg)
|
Corresponding
Ash% + Moisture %age
|
A
|
6200-6299
|
18.85 – 19.57
|
B
|
5600 – 6199
|
19.58 – 23.91
|
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