Basmati Rice is a variety of rice that is slender, long and aromatic, used to make certain special dishes and is known as the king of rice. Its scientific name is ‘Oryza sativa’-the same name for other rice varieties-and it belongs to the same grass family ‘Poaceae’.
The name Basmati means ‘fragrant’ which is thought to have come from Sanskrit. The rice is popular and high in demand throughout the world, due to its soft and fluffy texture and unique aromatic smell and taste which make it special.
Basmati rice is normally used to make some special dishes like biriyani, fried rice, pilaf, etc. and it is also used like other ordinary rices. Basmati rice contains soluble fiber which is helpful in removing waste and toxins from the digestive tract and helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels.
Basmati rice is thought to have originated from Indian and Pakistani regions, thousands of years ago and was introduced by the Indian traders to the Middle East, where it became a part of the native cuisines-especially in Persian and Arab regions.
Just like any other categories of rice, basmati also is a semi-aquatic crop- a plant that grows with its roots submerged in water. And requires a humid climate with adequate sunlight every day. Clay or clay loam soils are the best ones for the cultivation as they can hold water for long. The plants normally grow up to 5 feet in height and start producing the paddy after 4 to 5 months and June-July is the normal planting season.
As per the reports by APEDA- an Indian government agency, a rice variety can be categorized as basmati, if the same has a minimum pre-cooked rice length of 6.61mm and a width up to 2mm along with the typical smell. There are many varieties of basmati rice, and some of the main ones are Basmati 217, Basmati 386, Ranbir Basmati, Punjab Basmati-1, Pusa Basmati 1121, Haryana Basmati- 1, etc.
Basmati rice is considered healthier than ordinary rices as it contains protein, carbs, fat, fiber, sodium, folate, thiamine, copper, selenium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, magnesium, etc. and its unique smell and taste are the factors that play the major roles in making it the most expensive variety of rice.
India is the largest producer of basmati rice in the world who contributes up to 70% to the global production and is followed by Pakistan, Indonesia, Nepal and Sri Lanka. India is also the largest exporter of basmati rice, followed by Pakistan, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Saudi Arabia is the largest importer of basmati rice in the world, followed by Iran, UAE, Kuwait, the U.K and the USA.
In India, Haryana is the largest producer of basmati rice and is followed by Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, J&K, Uttarakhand and Delhi.
Some of the main trading hubs of basmati rice in India:
Haryana( Rania,Sirsa,Shera,Dhand)
Uttar Pradesh(Barhalganj, Shahjahanpur, Lakhimpur, Sikrauri)
Punjab(Amritsar, Fazilka, Abohar, Rana)
Names of basmati rice in different Indian languages:
Hindi Baasamatee chaaval
Tamil Pacumati arici
Malayalam Basumati ari
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Last updated: 22/12/2023
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