Cabbage is a cultivar vegetable- a vegetable plant specially developed from an original plant-scientifically known as ‘Brassica oleracea var capitata’ from the family ‘Brassicaceae’.
The name cabbage comes from the old French word ‘caboche’ meaning head due to its similar shape. Cabbage is believed to have originated from Western and Southern Europe and it has been used to develop certain cultivars like broccoli, cauliflower, etc.
Cabbage is considered as a leaf bud that is mainly used for cooking various dishes or in raw forms. It is also purported to have certain medicinal properties and is used as a folk medicine to treat excess stomach acid, stomach pain and intestinal ulcers. In addition, cabbage is used as animal feed also.
Cabbage is believed to have been first domesticated in Europe by 1000 BC, but its exact origin is disputed. However, at present, it is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world.
There are more than 400 varieties of cabbage that are different in shape, size and colour. Cabbages can be found usually in round and conical shapes with leaves that are flat, curly or loose which are white, green, red or purple in colour. And they normally weigh 500 to 1,000 grams.
Cabbages normally take 4-6 months from planting to bear fruits and reach maturity. Well-drained loam soil with sufficient organic matter is the best soil for the cabbage plants that prefer cool and moist climates.And cabbages mainly contain fiber, protein, folate, manganese, vitamins K, C and B6 which make them nutritious vegetables. However, excess consumption can cause stomach disorders.
The largest producer of cabbage in the world is China with more than 48% of the total global production. Other major producers are India, Russian Federation, South Korea, Ukraine, Indonesia and Japan. China is also the largest exporter of cabbage, followed by Spain, the US, Mexico and the Netherlands. And the US is the largest importer of cabbages followed by Canada, Germany, Malaysia and Thailand.
In India, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar, Assam, West Bengal and Karnataka are the largest producer of cabbage, that was introduced in India by the Portuguese colonizing traders somewhere between the 14th and 17th centuries.
Some of the major trading markets of cabbage in India:
Uttar Pradesh(Hathras, Nakur, Varanasi, Sitapur)
Odisha(Bhubaneswar, Anandapur, Angul, Cuttack)
Bihar(Patna, Purnea, Katihar, Aurangabad)
Assam(Howly, Pamohi, Jorhat, Srirampur)
Names of cabbage in different Indian languages:
Hindi Patha Gopi
Tamil Muttaikkos
Malayalam Kabej
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