Paddy, scientifically known as ‘Oryza sativa’ is a single rice grain that is unprocessed and in its natural form with the husk. The name paddy comes from the Malay word ‘padi’ which means ‘rice plant’.
Rice, which is one of the most consumed grains in the world is processed from the paddy, by removing the outer husk and the bran through certain processing methods. Based on some archaeological reports, paddy was cultivated in China, as far back as 10,000 years ago. Today, paddy is one of the most cultivated and traded Agri commodities throughout the world.
Paddy is a semi-aquatic crop that needs its roots to be submerged in water for proper growth. It requires hot and humid climates with 6-8 hours of regular sunlight. Paddy can be cultivated, nearly on all types of soils. However, clay or clay loam soils are the best soils for cultivating the paddy as the same can hold water for a longer time comparatively.
Paddy is found in more than 40,000 different varieties worldwide and it can be cultivated in various seasons depending on the variety. In India, paddy cultivation is done during three seasons: summer, autumn and winter. However, sowing and cultivation can vary from state to state based on the weather conditions and rainfalls.
The plants grow 3-6 feet in height, depending on the varieties and they normally take 4-5 months to produce the paddy usually found in light golden colour. Paddy is mainly for processing rice and then for making certain by-products from the husk and the bran that are left after the process. The husk is used as a fertilizer, fuel and building material while the bran is mainly used to make oil.
China is the largest producer of paddy, followed by India, Indonesia and Bangladesh. The largest exporter is India, followed by Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia while the main importer is Iran, followed by China, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia and the US.
In India, the largest producer of paddy is West Bengal, followed by Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Assam and Haryana.
Some of the major trading markets of paddy in India:
West Bengal (Hooghly, Darjeeling, Birbhum, Howrah, Bankura)
Uttar Pradesh (Aligarh, Faizabad, Allahabad, Kanpur, Lucknow)
Punjab (Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Patiala, Firozpur)
Tamil Nadu (Vellore, Nagapattinam, Coimbatore, Erode, Madurai)
Andhra Pradesh (Chittoor, Nellore, Guntur, Vijayawada, Kurnool)
Names of paddy in different Indian languages:
Hindi Dhan
Tamil Nel
Malayalam Nell
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Last updated: 22/12/2023
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