Pepper, commonly known as black pepper is a spice obtained from the seeds of a flowering vine in the family ‘Piperaceae’ and is scientifically known as ‘Piper nigrum’.
Pepper is called, the black gold and crowned as the king of spice due to its worldwide usage and distinct aroma and spicy taste caused by the presence of a chemical, Piperine.
It is used mainly in the culinary industry to flavour the food and as a traditional medicine to treat certain diseases. It is the most used and traded spice in the world as its hot peppery taste and pungent smell are craved throughout the globe and many cuisines are flavoured with it.
The spice is believed to have originated from the Malabar coast of Kerala in India and has been recorded to be in use for more than 4000 years. Pepper has three different categories, black pepper, green pepper and white pepper.
Loam and laterite are the best soils for pepper cultivation and good rainfalls with hot and humid climate help pepper grow well. It takes 3-4 years for pepper to mature and start producing the peppercorns and the harvesting is done from January to March in the hilly areas and from November to February in the plain areas.
Vietnam is the largest producer of pepper in the world with almost 34% of the total global production, and India, Indonesia, Brazil, China, and Malaysia are the other major pepper producing countries.
The major pepper exporting countries are Vietnam, India, China, Brazil and Spain and the top importing countries are USA, UK, Germany, India, Netherlands, France, Spain, Thailand, Japan and Egypt.
The leading producers of pepper in India are Karnataka, Kerala and Tamilnadu,the Southern states, and among them, Karnataka is the largest producer of pepper in India with almost 50% of the country’s total production.
The major trading hubs of pepper in India:
Karnataka ( Chikkamangaluru, Madikeri, Shivamogga,Kodagu )
Kerala (Kochi,Idukki, Wayanad, Kasaragod, Kollam, Kottayam, Kozhikode)
Tamil Nadu (Salem, Gudalur, Erode,Dindigul)
Names of pepper in different Indian languages:
Hindi Kaalee mirch
Tamil Milaku
Malayalam Kurumulak
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Last updated: 22/12/2023
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