Rubber, specifically known as natural rubber is the sap produced by the rubber trees scientifically known as ‘Hevea brasiliensis’. The sap is technically known as latex and is used for processing rubber.
Rubber is mainly used to manufacture tires, gloves, shoes, adhesives, mats, tubes, pipes, wetsuits and waterproof clothing. However, the automotive industry is the sector that consumes the most amount of processed rubber, particularly in the form of tyres.
Rubber is believed to have originated in the Amazon rainforest of South America, particularly in the regions near Brazil, Ecuador and Colombia around 2000 years ago and the explorer Christopher Columbus is reported to have seen American Indians playing with balls made of rubber. However, the exact origin of rubber is disputed and unknown.
Rubber trees can be grown in laterite or loamy soils in areas that are slightly elevated and having good drainage facilities. The trees also require moist and humid climates with sufficient rainfall.
Rubber trees grow up to 100 feet in height and take 3-5 years to start producing the latex. However, it takes around 7-10 years for the trees to reach full maturity and maximum production. Normally the latex can be collected from the trees once in every two days by making a shallow incision or cutting on the skin of the tree. The process of collecting the latex from the trees is technically known as tapping.
Usually, 300-600 ml of latex can be collected from a matured tree during a tapping. The latex is then collected and mixed with certain chemicals before pouring it into trays to get it dried into the form of sheets which are then pressed with machines and sundried. The rubber sheets are normally sold to those who process them into rubber materials after some chemical procedures like vulcanization.
At present, the largest producer of natural rubber in the world is Thailand, followed by Indonesia, Vietnam, India and Malaysia. Thailand is also the largest exporter of rubber followed by Indonesia, India and Vietnam, while the main importers are China, the US, Germany, Japan and South Korea.
In India, the largest producer of rubber is Kerala, followed by Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra.
Some of the major markets of rubber in India:
Kerala (Kottayam, Idukki, Pathanamthitta)
Tamil Nadu (Kanyakumari, Chennai, Salem)
Karnataka (Mysuru, Hassan, Kodagu, Udupi)
Names of rubber in different Indian languages:
Hindi Rabad
Tamil Rappar
Malayalam Rabbar
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Last updated: 22/12/2023
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