Soya bean also called ‘soybean’ is a legume classified as an oilseed. It is scientifically known as ‘Glycine max’ and belongs to the botanical family ‘Fabaceae’. It is the most produced and consumed oil seed in the world.
Soya bean is mainly grown to make oil which is used for cooking, manufacturing food products and as biodiesel. And the byproduct, soymeal which is left after extracting the oil is used to process animal feed and certain soy foods like tofu, soy milk and soy chunks. Soy chunks are made with soy flour which has been defatted or oil removed and are as high in protein as the same amount of meat.
The bean is believed to have originated in China and was first cultivated around 9000 years ago. Today, the soya bean is one of the most cultivated crops in the world.
Soya bean can be grown in a wide variety of soils, but well-drained fertile loam soils are the ideal soil varieties that are required for the best growth and maximum yield of the plants. The plants also require warm and moist climatic conditions, and usually, the sowing is done from June till the end of June. The plants grow up to 2 feet in height and take 2-3 months to be ready for harvest.
The bean is high in nutrients and contains protein, sugar, carbs, fibre, fat, saturated fat, monosaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, folate, manganese, copper, Thiamine, phosphorus and vitamins B, D and K1. And it is purported to help relieve sleep disorders, improve bone health and blood circulation, aid digestion, relieve menopausal symptoms and prevent certain types of cancer.
The largest producer of soya bean in the world is Brazil followed by the US, Argentina, China, India, Canada, Russia and Ukraine. The largest exporter also is Brazil, followed by the US, Paraguay, Argentina, Canada and Ukraine, while the top importers are China, Netherlands, Mexico, Egypt and Argentina.
In India, the largest producers of soya bean are Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Telangana.
Some of the major trading markets of soya bean in India:
Madhya Pradesh (Indore, Ujjain, Betul, Dewas, Hoshangabad)
Maharashtra (Ujjain, Latur, Shahpur, Akola, Nagpur)
Rajasthan (Kota, Baran, Bundi, Banswara, Bhawani)
Names of soya bean in different Indian languages:
Hindi Soya bean
Tamil Soya avarai
Malayalam Soya bean
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Last updated: 22/12/2023
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