Sugar is a sweetener used in various food items mainly processed from sugar canes scientifically known as ‘Saccharum officinarum’ which belongs to the botanical family ‘Poaceae’. Sugar is also extracted from sugar beets which belong to the same botanical family as beetroot. However, sugar is commercially produced mostly from sugar cane, especially in India.
Sugar is supposed to have originated in India about 2,500 years ago from where it was introduced to China, Persia and certain other parts of the world. It is made by crushing the sugarcanes and then processing the juice into purified and bleached crystal forms in certain sizes. At present sugar is one of the unavoidable ingredients across the globe.
There are four types of sugar: glucose, fructose(processed from fruits), lactose(from dairy products) and sucrose also known as table sugar which we normally use. It is processed mainly from sugar canes and then from sugar beets. Moreover, sugar is available in different varieties like granulated sugar, confectioner’s sugar, superfine sugar, fruit sugar, cane sugar, sanding sugar, coarse sugar, pearl sugar, brown sugar, liquid sugar etc.
The ordinary sugar or table sugar which we normally use has different grades like S30, S31, SS31 (S2 31) M30, M31, L30, L31, etc. these grades are categorized based on the size of the crystals or granules. S means small, M means medium and L means large while 30 and 31 denote the colour series of the crystals. 30 represents white and 31 stands for super white.
Sugar mainly contains carbohydrates and there are around 387 calories in 100 grams of sugar. The excess consumption of sugar may cause weight gain which may eventually lead to diabetes.
The largest producer of sugar in the world is India, followed by Brazil, Thailand, China and the US. India is also the largest consumer of sugar in the world. The top exporters of sugar are Brazil, India, China and the US, while the main importers are Indonesia, the US, Malaysia and UAE.
In India, the largest producer of sugar is Uttar Pradesh, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab and Bihar.
Some of the major trading markets of sugar in India:
Uttar Pradesh (Khatauli, Shamli, Deoband, Bareilly)
Maharashtra (Kolhapur, Mumbai, Solapur)
Karnataka ( Bengaluru, Jamkhandi, Bagewadi, Davanagere)
Names of sugar in different Indian languages:
Hindi Cheenee
Tamil Sarkkarai
Malayalam Panjasara
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Last updated: 22/12/2023
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