Turmeric, scientifically known as ‘Curcuma Longa’ is a medicinal spice obtained from the underground stem or rhizome of a plant belonging to the ginger family, ‘Zingiberaceae’.
Turmeric is native to Southeast Asia and is called ‘the golden spice of India’ and ‘the Indian saffron’ because of its bright yellow colour and various medicinal properties and culinary usages.
The spice is made by drying the rhizomes after peeling and boiling them in water. The rhizomes can be found mainly in two forms-the bulb and the finger which have many varieties. They are mostly used in pulverized form to flavour dishes, for medicinal purposes and fabric dyeing processes.
Turmeric can be cultivated in different soils, but sandy or clay loam soils are the ideal ones. Both full sun and partial shade are good for the plants and can be harvested after 7-9 months of planting. The usual harvesting season is from January to March.
Several varieties of turmeric are produced in India, and they include Alleppey Finger (Kerala), Nizamabad bulb (Andhra Pradesh), Erode and Salem Turmeric (Tamil Nadu) and Rajapore and Sangli Turmeric (Maharashtra). The main varieties of turmeric exported from India are Alleppey, Rajapore, and Erode, classified as of high quality and containing high concentration of curcumin.
India contributes 80% to the total global production of turmeric and is the largest producer, consumer and exporter of it in the world. The other major turmeric producing countries are China, Myanmar, Nigeria, and Bangladesh.
The major turmeric exporting countries are India, Vietnam, Myanmar, Indonesia and Netherlands, and the top turmeric importing countries are United States, India, iran, Japan, UAE and Bangladesh.
The largest producer of turmeric in India is Telangana, contributing nearly 33% to the total production in the country .The other main turmeric producers are the southern states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, West Bengal and Maharashtra.
Some of the major trading markets of turmeric in India:
Andhra Pradesh (Nizamabad,Duggirala)
Maharashtra (Sangli)
Tamil Nadu (Salem, Erode, Dharmapuri,Coimbatore)
Names of turmeric in different Indian languages:
Hindi Haldee
Tamil Mancal
Malayalam Manjal
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